"Sliding"
type: The upper portion of the stomach has herniated upward through the
diaphragm, and into the thorax. Endoscopically best seen by retroflexing the
instrument and viewing from below. The lumen becomes narrow where the diaphragm
presses against the stomach. The sliding type of hiatal hernia is in-line with
the path of the endoscope.
Paraesophageal type:
This retroflexed view shows a portion of the stomach herniating upward through
the diaphragm. The path of this type of hernia is adjacent to that of the
endoscope.
Combined types:
Retroflexed view showing a large sliding type hernia (surrounding the shaft of
the endoscope), as well as a second tract (at lower left) which lead upward to a
large paraesophageal hernia.